AWIS/Sadieau - Système Africain d'information sur l'eau

Enquête sur le niveau de développement des SIE dans les bassins transfrontières africains

admin — Thu, 17 Mar 2022 07:31:39 +0000

Enquête sur le niveau de développement des SIE dans les bassins transfrontières africains admin jeu 17/03/2022 - 08:31

L'enquête réalisée sur le 1er trimestre 2022 permet de comparer les niveaux de développement des SI de chaque BV transfrontière au travers d'une analyse sur 9 sous dimensions concernant les 4 dimensions suivantes (dimensions utilisées dans le cadre des analyses Egovernance au niveau des pays Européens):

1/ Gouvernance de la gestion des données (sous dimensions: cadre législatif / Cadre de gouvernance / Niveau de mise en œuvre)

2/ Impact de la gestion partagé des données (au sens mesure de l'impact)

3/ Portails de diffusion (sous dimensions: fonctionnalités, usages, alimentation, durabilité)

4/ Contrôle qualité/ complétude/ metadonnées

ZAMBEZI RIVER BASIN

admin — Wed, 09 Feb 2022 15:27:52 +0000

ZAMBEZI RIVER BASIN admin mer 09/02/2022 - 16:27

Site Internet

Bassin

Bassin du Zambèze

Couverture géographique

The Zambezi water course system refers to both surface and groundwater resources of the Zambezi river. It is the largest shared watercourse system in Southern Africa.

Superficie totale

1570000km²

Linéaire de cours d'eau

2 650Km

Pays riverains

Pays	Superficie
Angola	252600km²
Botswana	21900km²
Malawi	112100km²
Mozambique	168000km²
Namibie	21000km²
Tanzanie	27999km²
Zambie	574000km²
Zimbabwe	224000km²

Pays

Nombre d'habitants

100million d'habitants

Pluviométrie

Annual rainfall in the basin varies from 1,800 mm/year in the north to 550 mm/year or less in the south of the basin.

Cultures irriguées

With a total irrigation potential of about 3.2 million ha only about 1.2 million ha are currently under irrigation.

Agriculture non irriguée

Date	Nom du traité	Signataires	Bassin
1891-06-11	Spheres of Influence Treaty	Great Britain	Bassin du Limpopo
1953-01-21	Shire Valley Participation Tretay	Great Britain Portugal	Bassin du Zambèze
1954-11-18	Kwando River Agreement	Great Britain Portugal	-
1963-11-25	Power Corp Agreement	Northern Rhodesia Southern Rhodesia	Bassin du Zambèze
1967-04-01	Hydropower Agreement	Portugal South Africa	Bassin du Zambèze
1984-05-02	Cahora Bassa Project	Mozambique Portugal South Africa	Bassin du Zambèze
1987-05-28	Action Plan	Botswana Mozambique Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe	Bassin du Zambèze
1987-07-28	Zambezi River Utilization Agreement	Zambia Zimbabwe	Bassin du Zambèze
2004-07-13	ZAMCOM Agreement	Angola Botswana Malawi Mozambique Namibia Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe	Bassin du Zambèze

Structure organisationnelle

ZAMCOM consists of the council of ministers, a Technical Committee and a Secretariat.

Structure organisationnelle de la coopération

The Zambesi Watercourse Commission, ZAMCOM, consists of the Council of Ministers, the Technical Committee, and the Secretariat. The Council is composed of one delegate from each member state. A Chairperson and Vice-Chairperson are elected on the basis of rotation. The Technical Committee is made up of three representatives from each member state and are primarily responsible for implementing the Council’s decisions and developing the River Basin Management Strategy. The Secretariat is headed by an Executive Secretary and is responsible for the technical and administrative support of the Council.

Fonction/mandat

The objective of the Commission is to promote the equitable and reasonable utilization of the water resources of the Zambezi watercourse, and their efficient management and sustainable development. The ZAMCOM advises the member states on the planning, management, utilization, development, protection, and conservation of the Zambezi. The Commission also advises on measures necessary to avoid disputes between the member states and assists in the resolution of conflicts. ZAMCOM collects, evaluates, and disseminates information and data relevant to the implementation of the agreements and fosters greater awareness for the efficient and sustainable management and development of the Zambezi among the population. Furthermore, ZAMCOM aims at promoting, supporting, coordinating and harmonizing the management and development of the water resources and the national water policies.

Plan de gestion et programmes d'actions

ZAMCOM is currently working on the development of an Integrated Water Management Plan for the Zambezi River System, a project already initiated in the 1990s as part of the Action Plan for the Environmentally Sound Management of the Common Zambezi River System (ZACPLAN). ZAMCOM took over the responsibility from the bi-national Zambezi River Authority (ZRA).

Monitoring et système d'information

All member states are obliged to inform ZAMCOM of any program, project or activity with regard to the Zambezi watercourse. If one of the other member states opposes planned measures or activities, they are required to start consultations and negotiations and reach a solution. The project is to be postponed during these negotiations. Furthermore, the Commission can conduct a fact-finding study to support the negotiation process.

Régles de prises de décision et procédure d'arbitrage

Decisions are taken unanimously, with two thirds of the member states forming a quorum. In case of a dispute the member states are required to enter into consultations and negotiations. The Council of Ministers may give recommendations. If a dispute cannot be settled, it can be referred to the SADC Tribunal. Disputes between a member state and ZAMCOM can also be brought before the Tribunal.

Financement des structures de coopération

All member states contribute equally to the budget of the Commission. Further details are to be elaborated by the Council.

Participation des parties prennantes

All member states contribute equally to the budget of the Commission. Further details are to be elaborated by the Council.

Historique de la coopération

Plans to establish a river basin organization have existed since the 1980s, but no serious progress was made towards institutionalization of a basin-wide cooperation. In 1987, the governments of the Riparian Countries adopted the Action Plan for the Environmentally Sound Management of the Common Zambezi River System (ZACPLAN). Angola, Namibia, and Malawi joined these efforts in 1990. ZACPLAN consists of 19 projects, the so-called Zambezi Action Projects (ZACPRO). In 2002 the SADC Secretariat headed several rounds of negotiations until finally in July 2004 the Agreement establishing the Zambezi Watercourse Commission (ZAMCOM) was signed.

Challenges

Very large underdeveloped basin, rampant poverty, hydropower/irrigation potential partially tapped, environmental impact assessment required, Zambia (41% of basin area) not a member of ZAMCOM, low stakeholder involvement and limited financial resources, lack of basinwide organization for water resources management, inadequate political dialogue on IWRM, lack of common vision, inadequate funding and lack of cooperation mechanism.

Nom de l'organisation

Zambezi Watercourse Commission

ZAMCOM

Adresse

Secretariat, P. O. Box 30233 Lusaka, Zambia

Téléphone

(260) 22084001/2 27970/3

Courriel de l'organisation

Nom du responsable

Tumbare Mike

Année de création

2004

Contacts

RUVUMA BASIN

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RUVUMA BASIN admin mer 09/02/2022 - 16:23

Site Internet

Bassin

Superficie totale

151700km²

Linéaire de cours d'eau

800Km

Pays riverains

Pays	Superficie
Malawi	400km²
Mozambique	99000km²
Tanzanie	52200km²

Pays

Nombre d'habitants

3 200 000million d'habitants

Pluviométrie

Cultures irriguées

Agriculture non irriguée

Date	Nom du traité	Signataires	Bassin
1937-12-28	Tanganyika-Mozambique Boundary Agreement	Great Britain Portugal	Ruvuma Domani

Structure organisationnelle

Structure organisationnelle de la coopération

Fonction/mandat

Plan de gestion et programmes d'actions

Monitoring et système d'information

Régles de prises de décision et procédure d'arbitrage

Financement des structures de coopération

Participation des parties prennantes

Historique de la coopération

Challenges

Little data available, underdevelopment, lack of RBO and basin study.

Nom de l'organisation

Adresse

Courriel de l'organisation

Nom du responsable

Année de création

Contacts

ORANGE RIVER BASIN

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ORANGE RIVER BASIN admin mer 09/02/2022 - 16:13

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Bassin

Couverture géographique

The Orange-Senque river originates from Lesotho highlands and is joined by the Makhaleng, Caledon, Vaal and Fish rivers.

Superficie totale

850000km²

Linéaire de cours d'eau

2 300Km

Pays riverains

Pays	Superficie
Botswana	121400km²
Lesotho	19900km²
Namibie	240200km²
Afrique du sud	563900km²

Pays

Nombre d'habitants

14 100 000million d'habitants

Pluviométrie

Varies from 35 mm/year to 1000 mm/year with a mean value of 325 mm/year over the basin.

Cultures irriguées

The irrigation potential for the basin is estimated at 390,000 ha of which 303,000 ha are presently irrigated.

Agriculture non irriguée

Date	Nom du traité	Signataires	Bassin
1986-10-24	Lesotho Water Project Treaty	Lesotho	Bassin de l'Orange
1991-11-19	Protocol IV on Water Treaty	Lesotho South Africa	Bassin de l'Orange
1992-08-31	Ancillary Agreement	Lesotho South Africa	Bassin de l'Orange
1992-09-14	Permanent water Commission	Namibia South Africa	Bassin de l'Orange
1999-01-01	Protocol VI on Water treaty	Lesotho South Africa	Bassin de l'Orange
2000-11-03	Formation of ORASECOM Agreement	Botswana Lesotho Namibia South Africa	Bassin de l'Orange

Structure organisationnelle

The Council is the highest body of ORASECOM supported by a task team of consultants and donors. A permanent secretariat is planned.

Structure organisationnelle de la coopération

A Council, which is the highest body of the Commission, is supported by a Task Team made up of consultants, donors etc. The Council consists of the participating countries` delegations, each having three members. The Council meets at least once a year.

Fonction/mandat

ORASECOM through the Council serves as technical adviser to the Riparian Countries on the development, utilization, and conservation of the water resources of the basin. The Commission was mandated to develop a comprehensive perspective of the basin, study the present and planned future uses of the river system, and determine the requirements for flow monitoring and flood management. The main objective was the realization of the principle of equitable and reasonable utilization, as well as the principle of sustainable development with regard to the River System.

Plan de gestion et programmes d'actions

The Orange-Senqu basin has been selected as one of the target basins of the EU Water Initiative. (EUWI). It has presented a portfolio of projects to the EUWI relating to the harmonization of the legislation in the Riparian Countries, the study of transboundary aquifers, water demand management, a basin information system, capacity building, and stakeholder participation. The Commission is to undertake a joint assessment of all the resources of and uses in the basin with the aim of developing an integrated water resources management plan.

Monitoring et système d'information

The Parties were required to exchange available information and data regarding the hydrological, hydro-geological, water quality, meteorological, and environmental conditions of the River System. A Party planning any project, program, or activity with regard to the River System which may have a significant adverse effect upon any one or more of the other Parties, or which may adversely affect such River System, must notify the Council and provide all available data and information with regard thereto.

Régles de prises de décision et procédure d'arbitrage

The Council shall make every effort to take decisions on the basis of consensus. No decision of the Council shall be valid unless taken at a meeting attended by at least three of the delegations. In the event of failure to reach agreement at such a meeting of the Council, the matter shall be made the subject of negotiations between the Parties. Any dispute between the Parties arising out of the interpretation or implementation of this Agreement shall be settled amicably through consultation and/or negotiation between them. In case of a dispute, decisions are transferred to the political level. If a dispute cannot be resolved, the case is referred to the SADC Tribunal whose decisions are final and binding

Financement des structures de coopération

ORASECOM is financed by the respective Ministries responsible for the management of water resources of the member states. Each member state covers the costs of its delegation. Meetings are financed by the hosting member state. All further costs or liabilities incurred by the Commission are equally covered by all member states.

Participation des parties prennantes

The Council shall take all measures required to make recommendations, or to advise the Parties, on the extent to which the inhabitants in the territory of each Party concerned shall participate in respect of the planning, development, utilization, protection and conservation of the River System, as well as the harmonization of policies in that regard and the possible impact on the social, cultural, economic and natural environment

Historique de la coopération

In 1992, South Africa and Namibia established a Permanent Water Commission (PWC) to advise the governments on the development of the Lower Orange River. The PWC replaced the Joint Technical Committee, which was established in 1987. Namibia also entered into an agreement with South Africa on the establishment of a joint authority for an irrigation scheme that is linked with the PWC on the Lower Orange River. Lesotho and South Africa signed an agreement on the Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP) in 1986, which eventually led to the establishment of the Lesotho Highlands Water Commission (LHWC). After a long process of negotiations, the Orange-Senqu River Commission (ORASECOM) was established as the first multinational, multilateral institution dealing with the management of the transboundary water system.

Challenges

River being perennial but seasonal in nature, supporting a substantial part of South Africa’s growing industrial development, rising demand for irrigation water, environmental impacts of abstraction, construction of infrastructure necessitated by high water demand and a secretariat in a difficult operationalization phase.

Nom de l'organisation

Orange-Senque River Commission

ORASECOM

Adresse

Courriel de l'organisation

Nom du responsable

Année de création

Contacts

Nom	Fonction
Mr. Boikanyo Mpho	Interim Secretary

OKAVANGO RIVER BASIN

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OKAVANGO RIVER BASIN admin mer 09/02/2022 - 15:58

Site Internet

Adresse

https://www.okacom.org/

Bassin

Couverture géographique

This basin includes the Okavango River with its two tributaries of Cubango and Cuito.

Superficie totale

725000km²

Linéaire de cours d'eau

1 100Km

Pays riverains

Pays	Superficie
Angola	150100km²
Botswana	358200km²
Namibie	176200km²
Zimbabwe	22600km²

Pays

Nombre d'habitants

800 000million d'habitants

Pluviométrie

Varies from 1300 mm/year in Angola to 300 mm/year and 400 mm/year in Namibia and Botswana respectively.

Cultures irriguées

The irrigation potential of this basin is estimated at 210,000 ha. Other: Hydropower development in the lower catchment is limited by relatively flat terrain and sandy soils. Angola has high hydropower potential.

Agriculture non irriguée

Date	Nom du traité	Signataires	Bassin
1994-09-16	OKACOM Agreement	Angola Botswana Namibia	Bassin de l'Okavango

Structure organisationnelle

The highest organ of OKACOM is the Interministerial committee from member states and two technical members from each state. The Okavango River Steering Committee composed of two members from each state implements the transboundary integrated water resources management.

Structure organisationnelle de la coopération

The agreement of 1994 facilitated the creation of the Permanent Okavango River Basin Water Commission (OKACOM) as a coordinating organization to act as a prime technical advisor to the three member states regarding the conservation, development, and use of water resources of mutual interest. OKACOM has neither a permanent secretariat nor a large staff complement. In its course of action, OKACOM established the Okavango River Steering Committee to implement the Trans-Boundary Diagnostic Analysis. The Committee has two technical members from each riparian state and has the mandate to advise the Commission on all technical matters. Under the umbrella of OKACOM, the member states are jointly working on a proposal to develop an integrated water resources management strategy. In this respect, OKACOM has to overcome major difficulties such as the absence of reliable basin-wide data and the conflicting national perspectives on resource needs.

Fonction/mandat

OKACOM advises its member states on measures and arrangements to determine the long-term safe yield of water available from all potential water resources in the Okavango River Basin and to anticipate demand; criteria to be adopted for the equitable allocation, conservation, and sustainable utilization of water resources in the basin; investigations, separately or jointly by the contracting parties, related to the development of any water resources in the basin, including the construction, operation and maintenance of any water works and prevention of pollution of water resources and control of aquatic weeds in the basin.

Plan de gestion et programmes d'actions

In order to develop an Integrated Basin Management Plan, the following activities were supposed to be undertaken:

• Trans-Boundary Diagnostic Assessment study to identify key areas of concern and gaps in knowledge of the physical and socio-economic system of the river basin;

• Strategic Action Program to structure inputs and resources prior to the implementation of a larger joint program of action;

• basin-wide Environmental Assessment with the participation of stakeholders including the establishment of channels of communication for effective coordination, consultation, and cooperation among the stakeholders.

Monitoring et système d'information

In order for OKACOM to fulfill its mandate, the Agreement stipulated that the signatory states supply the Commission with the required information. The signatory states were also required to notify the Commission and each other of any proposed development and before water regulating actions are undertaken.

Régles de prises de décision et procédure d'arbitrage

The Commission defines its own rules of procedure. Decision-making is based on negotiations among the concerned parties and is based on consensus. If no decisions can be made, the matter is referred to the member states for further negotiation. There are no formal sanctioning mechanisms for non-compliance of agreed upon rules and procedures. Any dispute concerning the interpretation or implementation of the OKACOM Agreement was to be settled by the member states.

Financement des structures de coopération

Each member state bears the costs of its own delegation. The member state hosting a meeting of OKACOM bears the meeting costs. Other costs or liabilities accepted by the Commission in the performance of its functions and the exercise of its power, shall be shared equally by the member states, unless otherwise agreed by the Commission. OKACOM has a small staff complement; it is not an expensive organization which relies on a small budget.

Participation des parties prennantes

No specific provisions although intensive lobbying has taken place by the Okavango Liaison Group, a coalition of nongovernmental organizations formed in 1996 The International Rivers Network (IRN) has been actively involved in developing this coalition. International actors involved are the IUCN, World Wildlife Fund, Green Cross International and Green Peace.

Historique de la coopération

Before the “Agreement on the Establishment of a Permanent Okavango River Basin Water Commission” was signed by the three riparian states in 1994, only bilateral agreements existed. In September 1990, the governments of Angola and Namibia agreed to endorse and affirm the old agreement on the Kunene River, signed between the colonial powers of Portugal and South Africa and to re-establish the Permanent Joint Technical Commission (PJTC). In November 1990, the governments of Namibia and Botswana signed a treaty to establish a Joint Permanent Technical Commission (JPTC). This commission has the same functions as OKACOM but operates separately. The JPTC covers the ChobeLinyanti water system. Thus, this agreement did not include the three riparians into one coherent commission, partly because of the then ongoing Angolan civil war at that time. In 1991, the Namibian government started an initiative to involve all riparian states, which subsequently led to the establishment of the Permanent Okavango River Basin Water Commission (OKACOM) in 1994.

Challenges

Lack of basin-wide organizations for water resources management, inadequate political dialogue on IWRM, conflicting demands on limited water resources, lack of shared vision, unknown water demands in Angola, limited capacity for WRM, high variability of available water resources, lack of pertinent data and need for cooperation in WRM.

Nom de l'organisation

Permanent Okavango River Basin Water Commission

OKACOM

Adresse

Téléphone

+257-390-3165 Ext. 109 / Mobil

Courriel de l'organisation

okavcom_iss@irbm.co.bw

Nom du responsable

Année de création

1994

Contacts

NILE BASIN

admin — Wed, 09 Feb 2022 14:13:40 +0000

NILE BASIN admin mer 09/02/2022 - 15:13

Site Internet

Adresse

https://www.nilebasin.org/

Bassin

Bassin du Nil

Couverture géographique

This includes the whole Nile Basin comprising of all sub-basins and watercourse systems contained therein.

Superficie totale

30400000km²

Linéaire de cours d'eau

6 700Km

Pays riverains

Pays	Superficie
Burundi	13000km²
Rép. Dém. du Congo	21700km²
Égypte	273100km²
Érythrée	3500km²
Éthiopie	356900km²
Kenya	50900km²
Rwanda	20800km²
Soudan	1931300km²
Ouganda	238900km²

Pays

Nombre d'habitants

290million d'habitants

Pluviométrie

Mean Annual Rainfall over entire basin: 2,000 billion m3

Cultures irriguées

Over 5.5 million ha in Egypt and Sudan with potential to expand to
10.4 million ha. Planned expansion includes 387,000 ha in Uganda, Tanzania and Kenya and 265,000 ha in Ethiopia. The other Riparian Countries have no irrigation potential and depend on rain-fed agriculture.

Agriculture non irriguée

Major means of food production

Date	Nom du traité	Signataires	Bassin
1891-04-16	Boundary Protocol	Italy Great Britain	Bassin du Nil
1902-03-18	Exchange Notes	Great Britain Ethiopia	Bassin du Nil
1902-05-05	Frontier Agreement	Great Britain Etiopia	Bassin du Nil
1902-05-15	Frontier Agreement	Great Britain Ethiopia	Bassin du Nil
1906-05-09	Sphere of Influece Agreement	Congo Great Britain	Bassin du Nil
1906-12-13	Abyssinia Agreement	France Great Britain Italy	Bassin du Nil
1925-12-20	Exchange of Notes	Great Britain Italy	-
1929-05-07	Exchange of notes	Egypt Great Britain	Bassin du Nil
1934-11-22	Water Rights Agreement	Belgium Great Britain	Bassin du Nil
1946-12-07	Profits Utilization	Egypt Great Britain	Bassin du Nil
1949-05-31	Owen Falls Agreement	Egypt Great Britain Northern Ireland	Bassin du Nil
1949-12-05	Owen Falls Agreement	Egypt Great Britain	Bassin du Nil
1949-09-29	Boundary Agreement	Ethiopia Great Britain Northern Ireland	Bassin du Nil
1950-01-19	Cooperation Agreement	Egypt Great Britain	Bassin du Nil
1950-04-08	Tripartite Committee Protocol	Belgium France Luxembourg	Bassin du Nil
1952-07-16	Owen Falls Agreement	Egypt Great Britain Northen Ireland	Bassin du Nil
1959-11-08	Water Utilization Agreement	Sudan United Arab Republic	Bassin du Nil
1960-01-17	Permanent Technical Committee	Sudan United Arab Republic	Bassin du Nil
1977-08-24	Kagera River Basin Agreement	Burundi Rwanda Tanzania Uganda	-
1981-05-18	Huganda Accession	Burundi Rwanda	-
1993-01-01	Establishment of TECCONILE	Egypt Sudan Rwanda Tanzania Uganda Zaïre	Bassin du Nil
1993-07-01	Cooperation Framework	Egypt Ethiopia	Bassin du Nil
1994-08-05	Environmental Management Agreement	Kenya Tanzania Uganda	-
1999-02-01	Expansion of TECCONILE-NBI	Burundi DRC Egypt Ethiopia Kenya Rwanda Sudan Tanzania Uganda	Bassin du Nil

Structure organisationnelle

The committee of ministers from the Riparian Countries (Nile-COM) is the highest decisionmaking body of NBI. This is supported by the Technical Advisory Committee (NileTAC) composed of two senior officials from each country. The secretariat (NileSEC) provides administrative, financial and logistical support and services to Nile-COM and Nile-TAC. Nile-SEC is responsible for the coordination of the Shared Vision Program (SVP) working groups and Subsidiary Action Programs (SAP). A long-term partnership between riparian states and the international community is maintained by the International Consortium for Cooperation on the Nile (ICCON), a unique forum convened by the World Bank. ICCON ensures coordinated and transparent support for enhancing cooperative water resources development and management by implementing SVP and SAP projects in partnership with member states. This is supposed to contribute to strengthening the cooperation mechanism, long-term sustainable development, socioeconomic growth and regional integration.

Structure organisationnelle de la coopération

This includes the cooperative structure and organs for river/lake basin organizations, national state representation, the rules that govern their internal relations and their interaction with nation states/administration and their mandate and authority. Such structures include colonial agreements now regarded as colonial impositions that need reviewing and existing agreements most of which do not provide for any monitoring and enforcement mechanisms. Recent agreements focus more on cooperation in sharing the water resources and in promoting socioeconomic development in the basin. International law on water, in dire need of a review, is poorly developed and only concerns itself with rights and responsibilities of states.

Fonction/mandat

NBI is a multi-functional river basin organization whose main objectives are:
♦ Provision of a platform for co-operation and for building working
relationships between the Riparian Countries
♦ Provision of an arrangement by which to move forward from discussion to action
♦ Implementation of the “Strategic Action Program”

Plan de gestion et programmes d'actions

The NBI plans to implement projects, in partnership with member states, that will contribute to strengthening the cooperation mechanism and to long-term sustainable development, economic growth and regional integration. This will be achieved through the implementation of two complementary sub-programs: The Shared Vision Program (SVP) and the Subsidiary Action Program (SAP). The SVP will contribute in the creation of an enabling environment for investments and action on the ground and will promote the shared vision through a set of effective basin-wide activities. The Shared Vision Projects will be Power Forum, Water Resources Management, Environment, Agriculture, Applied Training, Benefit Sharing and Communications with the Project Management Units in Tanzania, Ethiopia, Sudan, Kenya, Egypt, Uganda and the Nile-SEC HQ respectively. An initial set of seven basin-wide SVP projects has been endorsed by NileCOM and their project documents prepared. They include: environmental action, power trade, efficient water use for agriculture, water resources planning and management, communications, applied training, and socio-economic development and benefit sharing. SAP plan and implement action on the ground at the lowest appropriate level. They will comprise actual development projects at sub-basin level, involving two or more countries in order to address the challenges of regional co-operation and development opportunities with transboundary implications. Two groups of countries have been formed to investigate the development of investment projects on the Nile Basin. These are the Eastern Nile Group (ENSAP), which includes Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia; and the Nile Equatorial Lakes Group (NELSAP) comprising Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Monitoring et système d'information

Information is formally provided to the member states and other stakeholders through the secretariat and the organization website. Regular meetings of the committees, conferences and workshops at different levels result in new policy formulations and modifications of existing and planned measures that are made available to stakeholders by the secretariat and/or website.

Régles de prises de décision et procédure d'arbitrage

The Nile-COM in consultation with Nile-TAC is the sole decision-making organ. Disputes, if they occur, are referred to the COM and TAC committees who work out solutions mutually acceptable to the parties involved. In case such solutions do not work the aggrieved parties may be referred to international arbitrators in water conflict resolution and transboundary waters such as Potential Conflict to Cooperation Potential (PCCP).

Financement des structures de coopération

NBI is supported by contribution from the NBI countries themselves and through the generous support of several multilateral and bilateral donors. The funds so raised are managed through a World-Bank managed Nile Basin Trust Fund (NBTF). At the basin-wide level NBTF funds support the implementation of the projects within SVP, strengthening of NBI institutional capacity and facilitating the process of NBI dialogue and engagement. At the sub-basin level, NBTF funds support the preparation and implementation of investment projects, building capacity for regional coordination and preparation of joint projects and providing advisory services and support to sub-regional institutions.

Participation des parties prennantes

Stakeholder participation into the NBI activities is ensured through the Nile Basin Discourse (NBD), a network of civil society organizations from the ten countries of the Nile basin. The network seeks positive influence over the development of projects and programs under NBI and other Nile-related programs. The overall objective of NBD is to promote sustainable and equitable development, poverty reduction, and cooperation between all stakeholders in the Nile Basin. NBD is continuously getting more engaged in NBI activities and in so doing bringing the voices of the voiceless into the heart of this key inter-governmental process. Website: www.nilebasindiscourse.org

Historique de la coopération

After successful implementation of the TECCONILE project, the Nile countries ministers in charge of water affairs agreed to expand the mandate of TECCONILE and therefore launched a new transitional institutional mechanism under the name Nile Basin Initiative (NBI), in February 1999. This is considered to be a transitional arrangement until a permanent legal framework is put in place. The NBI member states are Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda.

Challenges

Nom de l'organisation

Nile Basin Initiative

NBI

Adresse

Nile Basin Initiative Secretariat,
P. O. Box 192, Entebbe, Uganda

Téléphone

256-41-321424/321329/320971

Courriel de l'organisation

Nom du responsable

Mr. Audace Ndayizeye

Année de création

1999

Contacts

Nom	Courriel	Fonction
Tom Waako Baguma	twaako@nilebasin.org	Program Officer

NIGER RIVER BASIN

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Site Internet

Adresse

http://www.abn.ne/

Bassin

Couverture géographique

This includes the Niger River which originates from Guinea with its tributaries of Bani, Gouroval, Dargol, Sirba, Gouroubi, Diamamgou and Tapoa, all originating from Burkina Faso. The other tributaries include Mekrou, Alibori and Sota originating from Benin and Benue from Chad.

Superficie totale

2113200km²

Linéaire de cours d'eau

4 200Km

Pays riverains

Pays	Superficie
Algérie	161300km²
Bénin	45300km²
Burkina Faso	82900km²
Cameroun	88100km²
Tchad	16400km²
Côte d'Ivoire	22900km²
Guinée	95900km²
Mali	540700km²
Niger	497900km²
Nigeria	561900km²
Sierra Leone	50km²

Pays

Nombre d'habitants

109million d'habitants

Pluviométrie

Varies from 1200 mm/ year to 3000 mm/year in Guinea zone to 500 mm/year to 1200 mm/year in Sudanese zone to 100 mm/year to 500 mm/year in Sahelian zone.

Cultures irriguées

The total irrigation potential in the basin is about 2.8 million ha of which about 930,000 ha are presently irrigated.

Other: High hydropower potential of about 30,000 GWH with a current installation of 7000 GWH.

Agriculture non irriguée

Date	Nom du traité	Signataires	Bassin
1985-02-26	General Agreement	Austria Hungary Belgium Denmark France Italy Russia Netherlands Spain Great Britain Germany Sweden Turkey USA	Bassin du Congo
1921-04-20	Barcelona Convention	France	Bassin du Niger
1963-10-26	Navigation /Economic Cooperation Agreement	Cameroun Chad Dahomey Guinea Mali Niger Nigeria Upper Volta	Bassin du Niger
1964-11-25	River Niger Commission -Transport Agreement	Benin Burkina Faso Cameroun Chad Ivory Coast Guinea Mali Niger Nigeria	Bassin du Niger
1980-11-21	Niger Bassin Authority Convention	Benin Cameroun Chad Ivory Cost Guinea Mali Niger Nigeria Upper Volta	Bassin du Niger
1987-10-27	Revised Basin Financial	Algeria Benin Burkina Faso Cameroun Chad Guinea Ivory Coast Mali Niger Nigeria	Bassin du Niger
1987-10-29	Revised Convention on NBA Creation	Benin Burkina Faso Cameroun Chad Ivory Coast Guinea Mali Niger Nigeria	Bassin du Niger
1988-07-12	Utilization of Niger Water Resources	Mali Niger	Bassin du Niger
1990-07-18	Sharing of Common Waters	Niger Nigeria	Bassin du Niger
1999-01-14	Hydroelectric Management	Benin Niger	Bassin du Niger

Structure organisationnelle

The Summit of Heads of State is responsible for policy/decision-making and the general development strategy of NBA. NBA settles all issues that remain unresolved by the Council of Ministers. The Council is responsible for decision-making and the supervision of the Secretariat based on advice from the Technical Committee. The secretariat is manned by two directorates, the Technical and Administration and Finance directorates. The executive secretary is responsible for the management of the authority and execution of its programs. He is supported by a Legal Advisor and a Donors Advisory Committee. Finances are controlled by an Internal Auditor and a Financial Controller.

Structure organisationnelle de la coopération

The NBA is an intergovernmental organization that seeks to ensure integrated development of the basin through stronger international cooperation. Each member state appoints representatives to serve as experts on the Technical Committee of Experts. The Committee meets according to a schedule approved by the Council and prepares the Council sessions.

Fonction/mandat

The NBA aims to promote cooperation among the member states and to ensure integrated development of the basin through development of its resources in the fields of energy, water resources, agriculture, forestry, transport, communications, and industry. Special provisions are made for environmental damage prevention and control, including prevention and control of water pollution and promotion of human health as well as flora and fauna in the basin. The particular objectives are harmonizing and coordinating the national policies of the member states, designing, implementing and maintaining common projects as well as preparing and implementing an integrated development plan for the basin.

Plan de gestion et programmes d'actions

The NBA has conducted several projects to tackle specific problems in the basin such as aquatic weed control, desertification control and the promotion of biomass gas production and use. There is also an ongoing project (TRI-NIGER) on “Reinforcement of the NBA capacity on conflict resolution among its member states”. One other major project is HYDRONIGER, with the objective of establishing an operational hydrological forecasting system, to assist the member states in their drought and flood control activities, and to provide data for agricultural, hydro-power, navigation, and other development activities on the Niger and its tributaries. The forecasting system is currently (2000) the largest in West Africa, and the most wide-spread. The system allows for data collection via satellite covering eight of the nine member states; only Chad has not been covered due to internal problems. Plans to modernize the HYDRONIGER system are underway. There was also a Three-year Action Plan (2000-2002) aiming at strengthening institutional capacity, developing regional projects to strengthen the co-ordination, monitoring, and control of natural resources, conducting basic studies and implementing pilot projects with a view to achieving a long term integrated development of the basin, developing information, publicity, and documentation activities and intensifying collaboration with international institutions. Two other strategic projects, the GEF project on “Reversal of Environmental Degradation Tendency in the Niger Basin” and the development of a Strategic Action Plan supported by the World Bank were also undertaken

Monitoring et système d'information

The NBA keeps all member states informed on important developments. The member states are obliged to report any project or work they intend to undertake within the basin. Monitoring and data collection are also major activities for purposes such as water quality control and flood forecasting. The NBA Documentation Centre and a Secretariat quarterly Bulletin are used to facilitate information dissemination.

Régles de prises de décision et procédure d'arbitrage

Recommendations and resolutions of the Council of Ministers are adopted by consensus. Disputes over the interpretation or implementation of the Convention are settled through direct negotiations. If a consensus cannot be reached, the dispute can be brought before the Summit of the Heads of State and Government by one of the member states.

Financement des structures de coopération

Each member state contributes to the budget of the NBA on the basis of a sharing formula that was agreed upon by the states and last revised in 2000. The contribution to the budget ranges from 30% for Nigeria to 1% for Chad. The NBA also seeks financial support from external donors.

Participation des parties prennantes

There are no specific provisions for stakeholder participation in the agreements. Stakeholders can access information through the NBA’s Documentation Centre, and a quarterly information bulletin which is published by the Secretariat.

Historique de la coopération

The Niger River Commission was established in 1964 by Agreement of the nine Riparian Countries. It was originally limited to the control of navigation and transport on the Niger. The agreement was amended in 1973 resulting in the reorganization of administrative, executive, and policy-making structures and changing the role of the Commission from a controlling to an implementation agency. As a successor to the Commission, the Convention establishing the Niger Basin Authority was signed in November 1980. Functions were extended to cover data collection, planning, regulation of water use and navigation, environmental matters, irrigation, and agricultural development. The Convention was revised once more in 1987 in order to redefine the objectives of the NBA, to adopt a more focused development program, to restructure the Secretariat and improve the financial situation of the authority. Finally in 1998, a resourceful leadership emerged and with the cooperation and assistance of the countries and donors, the NBA was revitalized. Projects like the HYDRONIGER have been revamped and new donor support has initiated new projects including the development of a shared vision for the future development of the basin.

Challenges

Desertification and land degradation, water resources reduction, unsustainable exploitation of natural resources, poverty, migration, institutional capacity building, strengthening cooperation for management and development, stakeholder involvement and need for more funding.

Nom de l'organisation

Niger Basin Authority

NBA

Adresse

NBA Secretariat, P.O.Box 729, Niamey, Niger

Téléphone

+227 72 31 02

Courriel de l'organisation

abnsec@intnet.ne

Nom du responsable

Mr Mohammed Bello TUGA

Année de création

1980

Contacts

LIMPOPO RIVER BASIN

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Bassin

Couverture géographique

This covers the Limpopo River and its tributaries of the Shashi and Elephant rivers.

Superficie totale

414800km²

Linéaire de cours d'eau

1 750Km

Pays riverains

Pays	Superficie
Botswana	81500km²
Mozambique	87200km²
Afrique du sud	183500km²
Zimbabwe	62600km²

Pays

Nombre d'habitants

14million d'habitants

Pluviométrie

Varies from 290 mm/year to 1040 mm/year with a mean of 530 mm/year.

Cultures irriguées

The irrigation potential in this basin is estimated at 295,000 ha of which 242,000 ha are presently irrigated.

Agriculture non irriguée

Date	Nom du traité	Signataires
1983-02-17	Tripartite Committee Agreement	Mozambique South Africa Swaziland
2003-11-27	Formation of LIMCOM Agreement	Bostawana Mozambique South Africa Zimbabwe

Structure organisationnelle

At the moment the Council which comprises of permanent members from member states is the only permanent structure. But other organs including a secretariat are planned.

Structure organisationnelle de la coopération

The principal organ of the Limpopo Watercourse Commission (LIMCOM) is the Council, which consists of the member states’ delegations. Each government appoints three permanent members. Additionally, each delegation is allowed to be accompanied to the meetings by no more than three advisors. The Council can consult experts and establish working groups if necessary. The Council meets at least twice a year.

Fonction/mandat

The objectives of LIMCOM are to advise the Contracting Parties and provide recommendations on the uses of the Limpopo, its tributaries, and its waters for purposes and measures of protection, preservation and management of the Limpopo. LIMCOM is a legal authority which advises the member states and provides recommendations on the uses, protection, preservation, and management of the Limpopo and its tributaries. The Council advises the Contracting Parties on the following matters, measures and arrangements to determine the long-term safe yield of water; the equitable and reasonable utilization of the Limpopo to support sustainable development in the territory of all member states; all aspects related to the efficient and effective collection, processing and dissemination of data and information and the development of contingency plans, investigations, and studies.

Plan de gestion et programmes d'actions

Monitoring et système d'information

The Council advises the Contracting Parties on all aspects related to the efficient and effective collection, processing and dissemination of data and information with regard to the Limpopo.

Régles de prises de décision et procédure d'arbitrage

Decisions are adopted on the basis of consensus as long as a quorum of three delegations is realized. In the case of a dispute the conflicting parties are required to enter into negotiations. If a solution cannot be reached within six months, the dispute can be referred to the SADC Tribunal unless the parties agree otherwise. Decisions of the Tribunal are final and binding.

Financement des structures de coopération

Each member state covers the costs of its delegation. Meetings are financed by the hosting member state. All further costs or liabilities incurred by the Commission are equally covered by all member states.

Participation des parties prennantes

Articles in the agreement require the Council to determine to what extent the inhabitants of the territory of each member state shall participate in the planning, utilization, sustainable development, protection, and conservation of the Limpopo.

Historique de la coopération

Challenges

Nom de l'organisation

Limpopo Water

LIMCOM

Adresse

Courriel de l'organisation

beyersh@dwaf.gov.za

Nom du responsable

Mr. Beyers Havenga

Année de création

2003

Contacts

LAKE VICTORIA BASIN

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Bassin

Couverture géographique

Lake Victoria Basin

Superficie totale

181000km²

Linéaire de cours d'eau

Pays riverains

Pays	Superficie
Burundi	13060km²
Kenya	38913km²
Rwanda	20550km²
Tanzanie	79570km²
Ouganda	28857km²

Pays

Nombre d'habitants

25million d'habitants

Pluviométrie

Variable from about 800 mm/year in the Eastern part of the catchment to over 2000 mm/year over the Central-Western part of the lake.

Cultures irriguées

Little irrigation is executed in the basin but this is increasing with substantial quantities of water diverted from the lake to irrigate flowers.

Agriculture non irriguée

The main source of livelihood in the basin for about 80% of the population.

Date	Nom du traité	Signataires
2003-11-29	Sustainable Development Protocol	Kenya Tanzania Uganda

Structure organisationnelle

As an institution of the East African Community (EAC) and as provided for in the Treaty establishing the Community, the Commission operates within the following organizational structure, the Sectoral Council, Coordination Committee, Sectoral Committees and a Secretariat of the Commission. The Commission Secretariat is run by an Executive Secretary and two Deputy Executive Secretaries. The Headquarters of the Secretariat will be in Kisumu, Kenya.

Structure organisationnelle de la coopération

The Sectoral Council comprising of national ministers is the policy making unit of LVBC while the Coordination Committee comprises the corresponding permanent secretaries. Sectoral Committees will be established on demand upon proposal of the Coordination Committee. Members of Sectoral Committees will be senior public officials of the partner states, heads of public institutions, representatives of regional institutions and representatives of business, industry, and civil society. The Secretariat, headed by the Executive Secretary, is a permanent unit to support and assist the Commission’s bodies in coordinating their work and in coordinating with the EAC-Secretariat, the member states, and the donors. The Executive Secretary will be appointed by the Sectoral Council for a period of five years. National Focal Points will be established in all member countries to coordinate the work of national institutions and the LVBC. The Lake Victoria Basin Commission was established as an institution of the EAC. The Sectoral Council should establish links with other Sectoral Councils of the EAC if appropriate. Both the Sectoral Council and the Coordination Committee will hold meetings twice a year.

Fonction/mandat

The broad functions of the Commission are to promote, facilitate and coordinate activities of different actors towards sustainable development and poverty eradication in the Lake Victoria Basin by harmonization of policies, laws, regulations and standards, and promotion of stakeholders participation in sustainable development of natural resources.

Plan de gestion et programmes d'actions

The plans for the next five years of the 2006 – 2010 Development Strategy is to consolidate achievements already realized, and continue performing the Commission institutional functions. Coordinating and liaising with major stakeholders in the ongoing and new regional projects including Lake Victoria Environmental Project phase II (LVEMP II), Mount Elgon Ecosystem Conservation Project (MERCEP), the safety of Navigation on Lake Victoria and capacity building. A Vision and Strategy document was signed in 2004, which shall be the guiding document in identifying the scope, priorities, and type of activities to be included in the Commission’s work program.

Monitoring et système d'information

The Secretariat is in charge of disseminating information on the Commission to stakeholders and the international community. The functions of the Secretariat are to establish a regional data base and promote sharing of information, the development of information systems and data exchange; to disseminate information on the Commission to stakeholders and the international community; to mobilize resources for the implementation of projects and programs of the Commission; and to develop a sustainable funding mechanism for facilitating the sustainable development of the basin. Each Partner State shall periodically, at intervals to be determined by the Council, report on measures, which it has taken for the implementation of the provisions of this Protocol and their effectiveness in meeting the objectives of this Protocol.

Régles de prises de décision et procédure d'arbitrage

Decisions at all levels are taken by consensus. In the event of a dispute between Partner States concerning the interpretation or application of the Protocol, the Partner States concerned shall seek solution by negotiation. If the Partner States do not resolve the dispute by negotiating, either Partner State or the Secretary General of EAC may refer such dispute to the East African Court of Justice in accordance with Articles 28 and 29 of the Treaty. The decision of the East African Court of Justice on any dispute referred to it under this Protocol shall be final. The Sectoral Council promulgates its own rules and procedures of decisionmaking consistent with the Treaty. The Protocol stipulates that, if a conflict between the member states cannot be settled by negotiations, each of the contesting parties or the Secretary General of the EAC can bring the conflicting matter to the East African Court of Justice. Its decisions are final.

Financement des structures de coopération

The sources of funds for the Commission shall be from the East African Community budget, stakeholders’ contributions, development partners, and other such sources as shall be established by the Sectoral Council.

Participation des parties prennantes

Stakeholders are represented in the Sectoral Committees (e.g. senior officials of partner states, heads of public institutions, representatives of regional institutions, representatives from sectors covered under this Protocol, business, industry, and civil society). Public participation in planning and decision-making is promoted by the protocol. The Secretariat is required to disseminate information on the Commission to stakeholders and the international community. Projects and Programs are derived through an intensive participatory approach involving the partner states. There has been established “Focal Point Officers” for the Commission in each country who coordinate activities at country level. In addition, Civil Society and Private Sector is effectively being involved as depicted in the Organisation structure.

Historique de la coopération

When the East African Community (EAC) was re-established by Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda in 1999, the EAC treaty provided for the joint management of transboundary water catchment areas. Lake Victoria has been explicitly mentioned as one of the most important shared natural resources. The basin has been declared as an Economic Growth Zone, and the EAC Secretariat has adopted the Lake Victoria Development Program and established the Committee for Lake Victoria Development. This has been a decisive impulse for establishing the Lake Victoria Basin Commission. The Partnership Agreement (2001) between the EAC and the international donors established long-lasting relationships to promote the sustainable development of the basin. A Partnership Consultative Committee has been entrusted with the implementation of the Partnership Agreement, and a Partnership Fund has been set-up. The EAC created a unit at the EAC-Secretariat and a Policy Advisory Body for implementing the program.

Challenges

Nom de l'organisation

Lake Victoria Basin Commission

LVBC

Adresse

1096, Arusha, Tanzania

Téléphone

+255-27-2504253/8, 2504255

Courriel de l'organisation

lvdp@eachq.org

Nom du responsable

Tom Okurut Dr.

Année de création

2003

Contacts

LAKE CHAD BASIN

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Bassin

Couverture géographique

The conventional basin of Lake Chad incorporates the upper basins of LogoneChari and Komadougou-Yobe regimes, and encompasses the entire hydrographic network supplying water to Lake Chad, Yaeres, and the phreatic water-table around the lake.

Superficie totale

2388700km²

Linéaire de cours d'eau

Pays riverains

Pays	Superficie
Algérie	90000km²
Cameroun	46800km²
Centrafrique	218000km²
Tchad	1079200km²
Libye	4600km²
Niger	674200km²
Nigeria	180200km²
Soudan	82800km²

Pays

Nombre d'habitants

22million d'habitants

Pluviométrie

Varies from 100 mm/year in the North to 1,500 mm/ year in the Southern parts.

Evaporation: It exceeds 2,000 mm/ year at the centre of the basin.

Cultures irriguées

A few large scale irrigation schemes (polders) developed on parts of the lakeshore have proven totally unsuited to the hydrological, climatic and cultural conditions of the region.

Agriculture non irriguée

Fishing, pastoral sheep, cattle and camel rearing provide the only support to livelihoods of the local community in the region in addition to agriculture.

Date	Nom du traité	Signataires	Bassin
1964-05-01	Convention and Statutes relating to the development of LCBC	Cameroun Chad Niger Nigeria	Bassin du Lac Tchad
1973-10-01	Agreement creating a Fund for the Development of LCBC	Cameroun Chad Niger Nigeria	Bassin du Lac Tchad

Structure organisationnelle

The topmost organ of LCBC is the Meeting of Heads of State which is the main policy setting unit. It has a permanent bureau with an Executive Secretary. Subordinate to the Executive Secretary are an Assistant Executive Secretary, a Financial Controller and four departments of Administration and Finance; Planning and Project Execution;Documentation, Information, Remote Sensing and Advanced Technologies and Water Resources

Structure organisationnelle de la coopération

Since 1994, the Lake Chad Basin Commission (Commission du Bassin du Lac Tchad, CBLT) has consisted of ten members, two members from each member state (Commissioners), and it meets at least once a year. Its policy-setting unit is the Meeting of the Heads of State. The Commission has a permanent bureau headed by an Executive Secretary. With the adoption of the Strategic Action Program (SAP), a Steering Committee has been established for implementation with two directors (one for the technical management of large-scale water resources projects and another for environmental policy management issues). LCBC has further introduced a Basin Committee for Strategic Planning to coordinate activities with the nation states and across the key ministries such as environment, agriculture, and finance. The personnel of the LCBC are recruited from among the ministries and administration of the member states; the Executive Secretary is always from Nigeria. It is stipulated that personnel from any member state does not exceed one-third.

Fonction/mandat

The LCBC’s functions are advisory and coordination in nature and can be summarized as follows: preparing general regulations which shall permit the full application of the principles set forth in the present convention and its annexed statute, and to ensure their full application; collecting, evaluating, and disseminating information on projects prepared by the member states and recommending plans for common projects and joint research programs within the basin; keeping close contact between the contracting parties with a view to ensuring the most efficient utilization of the waters of the basin; following up on the progress of the execution of surveys and works and keeping the member states informed; drawing up common rules regarding navigation and transport; examining complaints and promoting the settlement of disputes and the resolution of conflicts; promoting regional cooperation and coordination of regional programs; planning, mobilizing and following up national projects with regional implications.

Plan de gestion et programmes d'actions

An inter-basin water transfer scheme is planned whereby Lake Chad could be supplied with water from the Congo basin via a pipeline and a navigation channel. Also planned is the construction of a dam at Palambo (CAR) for electricity generation and for expansion of irrigated agricultural land. The Republic of Congo (Brazzaville) has already released a no-objection note. Feasibility studies will be undertaken with funds from the member states and international donors, which will also assess the social, economic, and ecological impacts. Since the adoption of the Strategic Action Plan (1998), GEF has supported a program called Reversal of Land and Water Degradation Trends in the Lake Chad Basin Ecosystem to set up coordinated, integrated, and sustainable management of the international waters and natural resources of the Lake Chad basin and to reverse the degradation trend of soils and water resources. Mega-Chad project for controlling land degradation, inter alia Promotion of the Use of Renewable Energy Resources and Conservation of the Flora Species in the Dry Lands of Mega Chad of the West African Sub-region is supported by UNEP since 2001.

Monitoring et système d'information

The Convention and Statutes require that member states refrain from adopting any measures likely to exert a marked influence either upon the extent of water losses, sanitary conditions of the water resources, biological characteristics of the fauna and flora of the Basin or the lake without referring to the Commission beforehand. In particular, the member states agree not to undertake in that part of the Basin falling within their jurisdiction any work in connection with the development of water resources or the soil likely to have a marked influence upon the system of the water courses and levels of the Basin without adequate notice and prior consultation with the Commission.

Régles de prises de décision et procédure d'arbitrage

The Commission shall draw up its own rules of procedure, and decisions of the LCBC shall be adopted unanimously. LCBC requires that any dispute concerning the interpretation of the implementation of the present Convention, which has not been determined by the Commission, shall be submitted to the Commission of Mediation, Conciliation and Arbitration of the Organization of African Unity for the purpose of decision.

Financement des structures de coopération

The personnel of the LCBC are recruited from among the ministries and administration of the member states and are paid out of the LCBC budget. It is stipulated that personnel from any member state does not exceed one-third. The costs of the Commission are shared among the member states according to a defined formula. At present, Nigeria contributes 52%, Cameroon 26%, Chad 11%, Niger 7%, and Central African Republic 4% towards the annual budget.

Participation des parties prennantes

Although no specific provisions are in place, stakeholder participation is enhanced by the activities of user groups whose functions range from advisory to planning and management and from coordination to dispute settlement to procurement of credits and recovery of water charges.

Historique de la coopération

A number of bilateral commissions have been established, whose relation to the LCBC has yet to be clarified. During the 1970s and 1980s the Lake Chad Basin Commission was also involved in settling border disputes between Nigeria and Chad. On the advice of the Heads of State, separate commissions have been established by the LCBC for dealing with these issues.

Challenges

Decreasing rainfall, drought and desertification, environmental degradation, increasing water demand, high poverty levels, institutional capacity building, funding problems and the need to strengthen cooperation.

Nom de l'organisation

Lake Chad Basin Commission

LCBC

Adresse

BP 727

Téléphone

235524137

Courriel de l'organisation

lcbc@intnet.td

Nom du responsable

Muhamad Adamu

Année de création

1964

Contacts

Nom	Courriel	Fonction
Tam Lambert	tam@intnet.td	Assistant Executive Secretary